A deep view of Andromeda

Image data
Date	2012, 2013, 2020
Location	Bannberg (Austria), Fuente del Albarico(Andalucia)
Optics	Canon EF200 L II at f/3.4
Mount	self-made (2012,2013), Vixen SXD2 (2020)
Camera	Canon EOS1100Da (2012,2013), Canon EOS1300Da at ISO 800
Filter	Astronomik L-Clip
Exposure	Color 6,3 h (1100Da), 26 h (1300Da), total 32,3 h
Center coordinates	Ra: 00:41:43 Decl: 41:18:17
Software - Image processing	THELI, PixInsight, Imagesplus, PS CS4
Software - Image capture	Linux OS, gphoto2, phd2, wxastrocapture
Notes	This image comprises data from 2012 and 2013 with new data from 2020. It reveals the outer regions of the galaxy and probably extremely faint galactic cirrus west of M31. Concerning the resolution of the galactic disk´s details I am not satisfied.

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Outskirts of M 31

Andromedas outer regions are shaped by tidal streams and destroyed satellite galaxies. Some prominent tidal features seen around M31 are the Giant Stellar Stream, resulting from the tidal disruption of a massive dwarf galaxy, estimated to have occured approximately 2 − 3 billion years ago, as a satellite fell into the M31 halo. The North-Eastern and Western Shelves, both assumed to be forward continuations of the stream, representing material stripped off during successive passages. The G1 Clump is originally named because the luminous M31 globular cluster G1 lies nearby. While the G1 Globular Cluster itself is considered a potential nucleus of a captured dwarf galaxy, the surrounding "clump" is assumed a disrupted section of the disc, due to strong similarities in stellar populations between the G1 clump and the M31 outer disc.